Meniere’s disease is a condition that affects the balance system of the inner ear. People suffering from this disease typically experience attacks of vertigo and hearing loss. These symptoms are caused by an abnormality in the labyrinth, a part of the inner ear that is enclosed in bone.
In addition to vertigo, people with Meniere’s disease may also experience tinnitus and nausea. The disease can be treated by using diuretics, medications, surgery or behavioral therapy. Patients should avoid alcohol, tobacco, and processed foods, which can all worsen the condition. They should also eat a healthy diet and get adequate sleep. These strategies can help reduce the stress associated with an inner ear disorder.
In a Meniere’s attack, the fluid in the labyrinth becomes clogged and excess fluid buildup disrupts the delicate balance process. When the fluid in the labyrinth is excessive, it scrambles the signals sent from the nerves to the brain. When the pressure is reduced, the hearing functions gradually return to normal. However, patients can continue to experience hearing loss, tinnitus, and other symptoms.
The symptoms of Meniere’s are unpredictable and can occur at any time, including during sleep. Depending on the severity of the disease, the episodes can last from 20 minutes to a day. They can be accompanied by vomiting or diarrhea. Other symptoms include a rapid pulse, a sensation of pressure in one ear, and hearing problems. In severe cases, the patient may require a referral to an ear, nose, and throat surgeon.
Treatments for Meniere’s disease include limiting caffeine intake, avoiding allergens, and reducing the amount of sodium in the diet. In addition, cognitive behavior therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness-based stress reduction may be helpful. Some patients are able to benefit from taking medication in advance. Some patients are able to achieve a remission. Surgical procedures are available to treat frequent spells of vertigo. Some Meniere’s patients may require surgery to drain the inner ear. This type of procedure is safe and has a success rate of about 70 percent.
The cause of Meniere’s is still unknown. A variety of factors are thought to contribute, including anatomical and genetic abnormalities. For example, a person may inherit the disease, or have an immune disorder that causes an imbalance of fluid in the ear. An allergy or infection can also play a role in the development of Meniere’s.
An electromystagmograph can be used to diagnose the disease. This test measures the electrical activity in the inner ear and assesses the function of the balance system. It can also be used to identify the degree of inner ear fluid pressure. A recording electrode is placed near the eye. It is then played through headphones. This test can be performed in a darkened room. The results can show the extent of the hearing problem, as well as the degree of hearing loss.
In some instances, a steroid injection to the inner ear can reduce the signs and symptoms of Meniere’s disease. Another treatment option is to use a pressure pulse device. This device is placed in the outer ear and uses air pressure to puff air into the middle ear.